Wastewater refers to any water that has been affected by human behavior, waste water types including sewage, rainwater in contact with streets, and water polluted by industrial means.
What is wastewater treatment?
There are many forms of wastewater treatment technologies, each of them is used for a certain degree of pollution.
Usually, they are used in combination to ensure that the water returns to its natural state as much as possible.
Types of wastewater treatment methods
Industrial wastewater is one of the important pollution sources in the pollution of water environment. During the last century, a huge amount of industrial wastewater was discharged into rivers, lakes and coastal areas. This resulted in serious pollution problems in the water environment and caused negative effects to the eco-system and human’s life.
The industrial wastewater types are too many based on different industries, each sector produces its own particular combination of pollutants.
The metal-working industries discharge chromium, nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, iron and titanium compounds, among them the electroplating industry is an important pollution distributor.
Photo processing shops produce silver, dry cleaning and car repair shops generate solvent waste, and printing plants release inks and dyes.
The pulp and paper industry relies heavily on chlorine-based substances, and as a result, pulp and paper mill effluents contain chloride organics and dioxins, as well as suspended solids and organic wastes.
The petrochemical industry discharges a lot of phenols and mineral oils.
Also wastewater from food processing plants is high in suspended solids and organic material. Like the various characteristics of industrial wastewater, the industrial wastewater treatment must be designed specifically for the particular type of effluent produced.
Urban water treatment plants treat millions of gallons of wastewater by decanter every day.
And the wastewater treatment technology is implemented in an on-site wastewater treatment facility.
The water passes through pipes in houses, buildings, underground sewer systems, and then sent to facilities for purification, disinfection and treatment. The end goal is to return the water to drinking water tanks and other storage facilities, where it can be regenerated use.
Sewage treatment facilities use chemical and physical screening processes to remove sewage and other particle from water.
Another wastewater treatment technology uses microfiltration or synthetic membranes. The filters is designed to be small enough to capture even tiny microorganisms and remove them from the water.
The wastewater moves through the filter several times to ensure proper filtration. This method is usually used in combination with chemicals, and then the same filtering method is used to refilter chemical additives such as chlorine from the water to keep it pure and fresh.
Pressure pipes are sometimes used to control the outflow of waste or other liquids in sewage treatment system. Denitrification uses methanol to release carbon by promoting the growth of certain bacteria. The carbon then neutralizes or removes nitrate in water and purify it.
Nitrate is harmful to the human body and is associated with many health problems like cancer, they are usually found in sewage polluted by roads or factories. These waters may contain relatively high oil, liquid and tar residues, all of which contain nitrate and other harmful toxins.
The new wastewater treatment technology use ozone to treat wastewater.
The ozone bubbles generated by the ozone generator continuously penetrate into the water for a certain period of time, thereby neutralizing and purifying the ozone in the water.
The effect is without the use of harsh chemicals. Ozone treatment can still be combined with other methods to get the best results. Wastewater can eventually become drinking water.
